Communication and Network

Modulation

Modulation is the addition of information to an electronic or optical signal carrier with a modulation signal which typically contains information to be transmitted. For most of the radio or telecommunication, modulation is the process of conveying a message signal.

Demodulation

A demodulation is the conversion of a modulated carrier wave into a current equivalent to the original signal which also called detection. A demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave.

Bandwidth

In computer networks, bandwidth is used as a synonym for data transfer rate. Besides that, bandwidth also refers to how much data you can send through a network or modem connection. It usually expressed in bits per second.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP uses several protocols, the two main ones being TCP and IP. Even networking operation systems that have their own protocols, such as Netware, also support TCP/IP.

Node

In a network, a node is a connection point, either a redistribution point or an end point or data transmissions. A node can also refer to a leaf, which is a folder or file on a hard disk.

Client

A client is the requesting program or user in a client or server relationship. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but interact with the remote computers via a network.

Server

A server is a computer or device on a network that manages network resources. When users connect to a server, they can access programs, files and other information from the server. A server could refer o the program that is managing resources rather than the entire computer.

Network Operating Systems

A network operating systems is a software that provides users with a variety of data communication service that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local-are network (LAN).

Network Administrator

A network administrator is a person who manages a local area communications network (LAN) or a wide are network (WAN) for an organization. The network administrator will concentrate on the overall integrity of the network, server development, security and ensuring the network connectivity.

Secondary Storage

Disk Caching

A disk cache is a mechanism for improving the time it takes to read from or write to a hard disk. It can also be a specified portion of random access memory (RAM). Hard disk caches are more effective, but they are also much more expensive, and smaller. 

File Compression

File Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, like hard disk space or transmission bandwidth. The compressed data must be decompressed to be used and it may be detrimental to some applications. 

File Decompression

A file decompression is an information density which encoding of data to consume less space and bandwidth. Data decompression is the reverse which the decoding of compressed data to restore the unique data.

Internet Hard Drive

An Internet hard drives also known as i-drive or online storage. Internet hard drives can access information from any location using the Internet. It also oriented to either businesses or individuals.

Optical Disk Drive

In computing, an optical disc drive which is ODD, is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves. It nears the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

Solid-State Storage

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. It is the equivalent of large-capacity, nonvolatile memory and used to record MP3 music files and stored images captured from digital cameras then transfer the images to pc.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a keyboard that separates the keys into two halve shaped like a wide "V". It allows the right and left hands to type at a slight angle that being comfortable for most people.

Inkjet Printer

Inkjet printer is a type of printer that works by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper. Inkjet printers are capable of producing high quality print approaching that produced by laser printers and it also provides a resolution of 300 dots per inch, although some newer models offer higher resolutions. It is the best inkjet printers use a five color ink cartridge.

Laser Printer

A laser printer is a printer that uses a focused beam or light to transfer text or images onto paper. As paper passes through the printer, the laser beam fires at the surface of a cylindrical drum called a photoreceptor. The drum has an electrical charge, which reversed in area where the laser beam hits it.

Magnetic- Ink Character Recognition

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is a character recognition system that uses special ink and characters. When a document that contains think ink needs to be read, it passes through a machine, which magnetizes the ink and translates the magnetic information into characters. It is a language that universally used by bankers on cheques.

Optical- Character Recognition

The short for Optical Character Recognition is OCR. OCR is an optical character recognition refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate.

Optical- Mark Recognition

Optical Mark Recognition also known as Optical Mark Reading. OMR technology scans a printed form and reads predefined positions and records where marks are made on the form.

System Unit

RAM

RAM also known as random access memory. It is much faster to read from and write to than the other in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. The data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running and RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers.

Cache Memory

A cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. The cache memory is a more smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.

ROM

ROM stands for read-only-memory, it is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on. It sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer. 

Flash Memory

Flash memory is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). It often used in USB removable storage devices and MP3 players. On the other hand, flash memory is not useful as random access memory which is RAM because RAM needs to be addressable at the byte level.

Graphic Card

Graphic card is a device installed in a computer which consists of a graphics processing unit designed to help process and display images, especially 3D graphics. It is an expansion card whose function is to generate and output images to a display.

Sound Card

A sound card is also known as an audio card. It is an expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers and allow the computer to play digital audio or musical instrument sounds.

Network Interface Card

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol and media, although some can serve multiple networks. 

Plug and Play

In computing, plug and play refers to the ability of a computer system to automatically configure expansion boards and other devices. Instead the computer automatically recognizes the device, load news drivers for the hardware if needed and begins to work with the newly connected device. 

Serial Port

A serial port is a type of connection on PCs that used for peripherals such as mice, gaming controllers, modems and older printers. It is a port or interface that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. 

Parallel Port

A parallel port is also known as a printer port or Centronics port, for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port. On PCs, the parallel port uses a 25-pin connector and is used to connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. 

Universal Serial Bus Port

USB shorts for Universal Serial Bus, a common interface that enables communication between devices and a host controller such as a personal computer. It can be used to connect keyboards, mice, game controllers, printers, scanners, digital cameras and removable media drivers, just to name a few. USB also supports Plug and Play installation and hot plugging. 

Firewire Port

The Firewire port is the high-speed interface has become a hot new standard for connecting peripherals, which can be used to connect some devices such as digital video cameras, hard drives, audio interfaces and MP3 players. A standard Firewire connection can transfer data at 400Mbps, which is roughly 30 times faster than USB 1.1.

Ethernet Port

Ethernet is the most widely-installed local area network (LAN) technology. It defines a number of wiring and signaling which standards for the Physical Layer of the standard networking model as well as a common addressing format and a variety of Medium Access Control procedures at the lower part of the Data Link Layer. 

High Definition Multimedia Interface

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is a compact audio or video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. A significant difference between HDMI and DVI is that HDMI supports audio as well as video. 

Basic and Specialized Software Application

Graphical User Interface ( GUI )

In computing, Graphical User Interface ( GUI ) is a type of user interface item that allows people to interact with programs in more ways than typing such as computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and office equipment.



Word Processor

Word Processor is a device similar to a simple computer, designed for word processing. It is a software used to produce documents such as letters, posters, reports and syllabi. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it on a disk, display in on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard and print it out from a printer.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a piece of paper with rows and columns for recording financial data for use in comparative analysis. A computer simulation of such a system of recording tabular data with totals and other formulas calculated automatically.

DBMS

DBMS stands for DataBase Management System. It is a set of computer programs that designed to organize, store and retrieve machine-readable information from a computer-maintained database or databank.

Utility Suites

Utility is a kind of system software that designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is called a utility or a tool. It allows users to do thinkgs like creating text documents, playing fames, surfing the web and others.



Web Authoring

Web authoring is a category of software that enables the user to develop a website in a desktop publishing format. Thehe software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the webpages. The user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML.

Audio Editing Software

Audio editing software is a computer application that enables you to record and edit your very own vocal, music and other sounds. This program allows you to freely manipulate audio files, for example cutting, copying, and pasting different parts of a recording to form a sound clip. Other than that, modern audio editing software’s are now able to add in amazing effects, like echoes, amplifications and noise reduction.



Bitmap Image

A bitmap image is a type of graphic composed of pixels in a grid. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits. It refers to the similiar concept of a spatially mapped array of pixels.



Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop Publishing Program is a term coined after the development of a specific type of software. It allows you to use different typefaces, specify various margins and justifications and embed illustrations and graphs directly into the text.



HTML Editor

A HTML editor is also called an authoring tool. It is a software program that inserts HTML code as you create a HTML file. HTML editors also related with technologies such as CSS, XML and JavaScript or ECMAScript.



Image Editor

Image editor is a graphics program that provides a variety of special features for altering bitmap images. The difference between image editors and paint programs is not always clear-cut but in general image editor. It enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer.



Vector image

Vector image is a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements. A vector image can be composed of points connected by lines, or nodes that connected by Bezier curves.

The Internet, The Web and Electronic Commerce

URL

URL stands for " Uniform Resource Locator. " A URL is the address of a specific Web site or file on the Internet. It cannot have spaces or certain other characters and uses forward slashes to denote different directories. The first part of the address is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use whereas the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.



HTML


HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. HTML is similar to SGML , although it is not a strict subset. HTML defines the structure and layout of a web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. A correct structure for an HTML document starts with (enter here what document is about) and ends with .



Javascript


Javascript is an object-oriented scripting language used to enable programmatic access to objects within both the client application and other applications. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. Javascript can also interact with HTML source code, enabling web authors to spice up their sites with dynamic content.



Applets

Applet is a very small application that has limited features, requires limited memory resources, and is usually portable between operating system. With the growing popularity of OLE, applets are becoming more prevalent. Java applets can perform interactive animations, immediate calculations, or other simple tasks without having to send a user request back to the server.



Blogs


A blog is a type pf website. It is a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.



Wikis


A wiki is a website that allows users to add and update content on the site using their own Web browser. Wikis are typically powered by wiki software and are often used to create collaborative works, included community websites, corporate intranets, knowledge management systems and note service.



FTP


FTP is short for File Transfer Protocol, the protocol for exchanging files over the internet. FTP works in the same way as " http " for transferring webpages from server to a user's browser and " smtp " for transferring electronic mail across the internet.



Plug-in


What's plug-in? Plug-in is a module or software of this kind. Plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of an application. For example, plug-ins are commonly used in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses, and display new file types. Adobe Flash Player and Quick Time are the well-known examples of it.



Filters


In computer programming, a filter is a program or section of code that is designed to examine each input or output request for certain qualifying criteria and then process or forward it accordingly. For example, a program that sorts names is a filter because it accepts the names in unsorted order, sorts them, and then outputs the sorted names.



Internet Security Suite

An Internet security suite provides malware prevention and removal, software firewall, e-mail spam filtering, and phishing protection as well as preventing data leaks. It is a type of computer security specifically related to the Internet. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet. The Internet represents an insecure channel for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing. Different methods have been used to protect the transfer of data, including encryption.